حلف الفضول
The Pact of Al-Fudul (Hilf al-Fudul)
31 BH (~590 CE)
Makkah مكة المكرمة
Muhammad ﷺ participated in the Hilf al-Fudul, a pact formed in the house of Abdullah ibn Jud'an among several Qurayshi clans. The alliance pledged to support the oppressed, return rights to their rightful owners, and stand together against injustice — regardless of tribal affiliations.
Why this matters
The Prophet ﷺ later said about this pact: 'I witnessed a pact in the house of Abdullah ibn Jud'an that was more beloved to me than a herd of red camels. If I were called to it in Islam, I would respond.' This shows his ﷺ commitment to justice even before his prophetic mission, and that Islam endorses alliances for justice even with non-Muslims.
Hadith references
As-Sunan al-Kubra, al-Bayhaqi
Narrated by: Reported traditions
“The Prophet ﷺ said: 'I witnessed in the house of Abdullah ibn Jud'an a pact that, if I were called to it in Islam, I would respond. They pledged to return rights to their rightful owners and that no oppressor would overpower the oppressed.'”