صلح الحديبية
ذو القعدة, ٦ هـ (628 م)
Hudaybiyah, near Makkah الحديبية
The Prophet ﷺ set out with 1,400 Muslims for Umrah, not for war. The Quraysh blocked them at Hudaybiyah near Makkah. After negotiations, a ten-year truce was agreed upon. Its terms seemed unfavorable to the Muslims: they would return that year without performing Umrah, any Qurayshi who fled to Madinah must be returned, but any Muslim who went to Makkah would not be returned. Many Companions, especially Umar, found these terms difficult to accept.
أهمّية الحدث
Though it appeared to be a setback, the Quran called it 'a manifest victory' (Fath Mubin). The treaty gave Muslims the legitimacy to operate openly, allowed them to make alliances, and led to a massive wave of conversions during the peace. Within two years, more people entered Islam than in the previous nineteen years combined. It proved the Prophet's ﷺ superior strategic vision.
الآيات القرآنية
إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًۭا مُّبِينًۭا لِّيَغْفِرَ لَكَ ٱللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنۢبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ
سورة Al-Fath, 1-3
Indeed, We have given you a manifest victory, that Allah may forgive for you what preceded of your sin and what will follow.
لَّقَدْ رَضِىَ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ ٱلشَّجَرَةِ
سورة Al-Fath, 18
Certainly Allah was pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you under the tree.