العهد المدني
The Dawn of a Civilisation
622 CE – 632 CE1 AH – 11 AH
Ten years that transformed the world. From the establishment of the first Islamic state to the farewell pilgrimage, the Medinan period saw the completion of Islamic law, decisive battles, the conquest of Makkah, and the perfection of the religion. A community persecuted for thirteen years emerged as a beacon of justice, mercy, and civilization.
17 events in this era
بناء مسجد قباء
Building of Masjid Quba
Upon arriving in the area of Quba on the outskirts of Madinah, the Prophet ﷺ sta...
بناء المسجد النبوي
Building of Masjid al-Nabawi
The Prophet ﷺ entered Madinah and his camel knelt at a plot of land belonging to...
المؤاخاة بين المهاجرين والأنصار
Brotherhood Between Muhajirun and Ansar
The Prophet ﷺ established a unique bond of brotherhood (mu'akhah) between the Mu...
صحيفة المدينة
The Constitution of Madinah
The Prophet ﷺ drafted the Constitution of Madinah (Sahifat al-Madinah), a formal...
تشريع الأذان
The Legislation of Adhan
The Muslims needed a way to call people to prayer. Abdullah ibn Zayd saw a visio...
تحويل القبلة
The Change of Qiblah
Approximately sixteen or seventeen months after the Hijrah, the direction of pra...
غزوة بدر الكبرى
The Battle of Badr
The first major military engagement in Islam. 313 Muslims faced approximately 1,...
غزوة أحد
The Battle of Uhud
The Quraysh marched on Madinah with 3,000 warriors seeking revenge for Badr. The...
غزوة الخندق / الأحزاب
The Battle of the Trench (Al-Khandaq / Al-Ahzab)
A massive coalition of 10,000 warriors from the Quraysh, Ghatafan, and other tri...
صلح الحديبية
The Treaty of Hudaybiyah
The Prophet ﷺ set out with 1,400 Muslims for Umrah, not for war. The Quraysh blo...
رسائل إلى الملوك والزعماء
Letters to the Kings and Leaders
The Prophet ﷺ sent letters to the rulers of the known world inviting them to Isl...
غزوة خيبر
The Battle of Khaybar
The Prophet ﷺ marched with 1,420 warriors against the Jewish fortress complex of...
فتح مكة
The Conquest of Makkah (Fath Makkah)
After the Quraysh violated the Treaty of Hudaybiyah by supporting an attack on t...
غزوة حنين
The Battle of Hunayn
Shortly after the conquest of Makkah, the tribes of Hawazin and Thaqif gathered ...
غزوة تبوك
The Battle of Tabuk
Learning that the Byzantine Empire was gathering forces near the northern border...
حجة الوداع
The Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada')
In the tenth year after Hijrah, the Prophet ﷺ performed Hajj — the only Hajj of ...
وفاة النبي ﷺ
The Death of the Prophet ﷺ
The Prophet ﷺ fell ill and his condition worsened over several days. During his ...